COMMODITY POLICY, PRICE INCENTIVES, AND THE GROWTH IN PER-ACRE YIELDS

We estimate the influence of policy-induced price changes and of technology supply on North Carolina flue-cured tobacco yields. The decline in land rent and effective output price that accompanied a 1965 policy change from acreage allotments to poundage quotas caused a 12 percent decrease in yields. Farmer yields were more responsive to yield-increasing technologies under acreage allotments than under poundage quotas. Annual yield growth was 0.5 percent under poundage quotas and 4.32 percent under acreage allotments. The growth rate decline is attributable to changes in relative prices and to a slowdown in the supply of available technologies.Commodity policy, Endogenous yield growth, Flue-cured tobacco, Technical change, Agricultural and Food Policy, Demand and Price Analysis, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

Analysis of temporal trends in southern Nevada wastewater pond parameters with an emphasis on ammonia removal

This paper examines physico-chemical and biological properties and processes in four Southern Nevada wastewater pond systems located in Alamo, Beatty, Blue Diamond, and Searchlight. Pond parameters examined include pond dimensions, hydraulic retention time (HRT), alkalinity, pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), phosphorus, nitrates, and ammonia. Data on each pond and pond system are presented including pond system comparisons; A major focus of this paper is on ammonia-N removal. Individual pond ammonia-N removal performance is compared to published models. A model based solely on HRT in a given temperature regime is developed. Models describing Ammonia-N removal performance as a function of HRT, temperature, and pH are also developed. Ammonia-N removal mass transfer coefficients for well-mixed, plug flow, and plug flow with dispersion are also calculated

Renaming Abraham\u27s Children: Election, Ethnicity and the Interpretation of Scripture in Romans 9

In this study, I attempt to reconstruct Paul\u27s pre-epistolary exegesis of Genesis that I hypothesize lies beneath Rom 9. This exegesis goes beyond the discussion of the patriarchs in Rom 9:6-13 and supports the reconfiguration of God\u27s family in Rom 9:24-29. It enables Paul to view Israel as simultaneously chosen and rejected by God. Adopting a method from Carol Stockhausen, I offer several criteria to establish this project\u27s legitimacy. The Pauline exegesis that I propose is plausible to the extent that (1) it is rooted in his text; (2) it is historically credible; (3) it illuminates the argument in Rom 9; and (4) it resolves difficulties elsewhere in Romans. Throughout his letters, Paul uses the stories of Abraham to create textual space in Genesis for Gentile believers in Christ. Outside of Romans, this results in an ethnically undifferentiated Israel of God (Gal 6:16). In Rom 4, however, Jews and Gentiles constitute separate lines of descent within one Abrahamic family. In Rom 9, Paul resumes this mode of locating Gentiles among Abraham\u27s children. The pentateuchal texts elucidating the election of the patriarchs (9:7, 9, 12) and the prophetic quotations vindicating God\u27s inclusive call (9:25-29) are connected to each other by several links. If these are valid, then Hosea and Isaiah do not stand alone but extend and subvert the pattern of the chosen and rejected sons that Paul finds in Genesis. By juxtaposing texts from Torah and the Prophets, he creates separate genealogies yet intertwined destinies for Jewish and Gentile descendants of Abraham. I seek to substantiate this hypothesis by arguing for the following claims, each corresponding to a recognized exegetical problem. First, Paul reads Gentiles into Hosea by typologically identifying them with Abraham\u27s excluded children. Second, Paul presumes that they will inherit Abraham\u27s territorial promise. Third, Paul uses the Isaian texts that speak of a remnant to effect a division within Israel. Fourth, Paul derives his theology of the remnant from Genesis rather than Isaiah. Finally, Paul\u27s mode of argument, which seems to make contrary statements concerning Israel\u27s chosen status, reenacts the ironic narrative of patriarchal election

Is Truly Man, Truly God Truly Coherent? An Assessment of Several Answers

Critics have repeatedly charged that the orthodox formulation of the orthodox doctrine of the incarnation is logically incoherent. Several conservative writers have responded in various ways. Norman Geisler predicates logically incompatible attributes of Christ to his two natures. Millard Erickson relies on his version of the kenosis strategy. Thomas Morris formulates a two-minds model. Ronald Leigh steps out of the boundaries of orthodoxy and suggest a one-natured Christ. All of these views appear to suffer from various inadequacies. The best formulation of the incarnation doctrine is that of Kierkegaard\u27s Absolute Paradox

Commodity Policy, Price Incentives, and the Growth in Per-Acre Yields

We estimate the influence of policy-induced price changesand of technologysupply on North Carolina flue-cured tobacco yields. The decline in land rent and effective output price that accompanied a 1965 policy change from acreage allotments to poundage quotas caused a 12 percent decrease in yields. Farmer yields were more responsive to yield-increasing technologies under acreage allotments than under poundage quotas. Annual yield growth was 0.5 percent under poundage quotas and 4.32 percent under acreage allotments. The growth rate decline is attributable to changes in relative prices and to a slowdown in the supply of available technologies

Technological Developments in Legal Research

Technology has created new types of legal research and means of access to the law. Specific to appellate practice, technology has changed how decisions are published and the nature of legal research. Technology has even created a debate on who owns the different forms of case law

Technological Developments in Legal Research

Technology has created new types of legal research and means of access to the law. Specific to appellate practice, technology has changed how decisions are published and the nature of legal research. Technology has even created a debate on who owns the different forms of case law

Leg Lengthening With a Motorized Nail in Adolescents: An Alternative to External Fixators?

Leg lengthening by external fixation is associated with various difficulties. We evaluated eight adolescent patients who underwent leg lengthening with a motorized intramedullary lengthening device. We asked whether this method could reduce the time of hospitalization and rehabilitation and whether the incidence of complications commonly associated with external fixators could be reduced. We compared our preliminary results with those from other reports, with a focus on leg length achieved, time of rehabilitation, and rate of complications. The average leg-length discrepancy was 3.8cm (range, 3-5cm). The average lengthening distance was 3.8cm (range, 2.9-4.7cm). In six patients, leg lengthening was combined with successful correction of the mechanical axis alignment. The consolidation index averaged 26days/cm (range, 19-41days/cm). The average hospital stay was 9.6days. No bone or soft tissue infections were observed. In comparison to other studies (1.0-2.8 complications/patient), our results suggest that the difficulties commonly associated with external fixators can be reduced with this method. It also allows good angular correction in patients with mechanical axis deviation. These features combined with a short time of hospitalization and rehabilitation make it a promising procedure for limb lengthening. Level of Evidence: Level IV Therapeutic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidenc